Exploring Proteomics And Its Biological Impact
In order to understand the significant contribution by proteins in metabolic processes proteomics is carried out. This study evaluates the contributions of the protein as an important component of the living cell. Based on such a study it can be ascertained that proteins in their many forms are critical to the proper working of the living cell.
By 1997 this study had gained attention in comparison to the genomics. The latter was the study of the human genes which was also fascinating to the researchers. During this time the proteome was derived as a result of a modification process that was carried out on a set of proteins.
Further comparison however indicates that genomics is less complex. Generally the proteome is unique for every cell type and also over time. This is different from the genes that remain particulate for each cell.
The modification that is a chemically induced process as carried out on the protein will normally alter the functioning of that particular protein. Phosphorylation is one such process that targets enzymes and certain protein structures. The process triggers other chemical reactions that make the protein to become a binding target for other types of proteins.
Apart from phosphorylation another modification process is the ubiquitination. In this process ubiquitin which is a minute protein type can be bound to other substrates. This is effected by an enzyme called E3 ubiquitin ligase. Currently there are over twenty thousand unique protein types in the human proteome. The modern methods of identification and evaluation like RNA splicing and proteolysis events are likely to increase the number of discoveries to a staggering half a million. Ultimately the number may come to slightly over a million while the post translational modifications are utilized within the study.
There are various ways to accomplish this complicated protein study. Developing an antibody that is particulate to the protein being studied is one of this ways. Additionally glycosylation of proteins is a process that is basically a sugar modification where lectin binds sugar. Generally a field like pharmacy is likely to benefit from such break through in research resulting into new approaches to drug formulation that will be implemented.
Proteomics makes use of various techniques that include microscale thermophoresis. Other methods include the traditional two hybrid analysis which is a yeast oriented procedure. Generally this study has a clearer result of the metabolic pathways in comparison to genomics. Generally the focus here is on the protein state at the time of the post translational modifications. This is intended to identify what proteins interact after the modification process. In this way the proteome can be developed.
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